What Is a Colonoscopy?
A colonoscopy is a procedure in which a thin, flexible tube fitted with a camera (a colonoscope) is passed through the rectum to examine the entire inner lining of the colon and rectum. It allows your gastroenterologist to look directly for polyps, inflammation, ulcers, abnormal growths, or sources of bleeding — and, if a polyp is found, it can often be removed during the same procedure rather than requiring a separate visit.
Reasons a Colonoscopy May Be Recommended
A colonoscopy is recommended to screen for colorectal diseases, investigate digestive symptoms, and monitor individuals at higher risk of colon conditions.
Routine Colorectal Cancer Screening
Recommended based on your age, family history, and individual risk factors to detect colorectal cancer early.
Rectal Bleeding or Blood in Stool
Helps identify the cause of rectal bleeding or the presence of blood in the stool.
Persistent Changes in Bowel Habits
Investigates ongoing diarrhoea, constipation, or other long-term changes in bowel movements.
Unexplained Abdominal Pain
Evaluates persistent abdominal pain when the underlying cause is not clear.
Unexplained Weight Loss or Anaemia
Helps determine whether unexplained weight loss or iron-deficiency anaemia is linked to colon disorders.
Follow-Up After Polyps
Regular surveillance is recommended after previously detected colon polyps to monitor for recurrence.
Family History or Inflammatory Bowel Disease
People with a family history of colorectal cancer or inflammatory bowel disease may require regular colonoscopy screening.
How the Procedure Works
A colonoscopy is performed under sedation, allowing most patients to remain comfortable throughout the procedure with little or no memory of it afterward. A flexible colonoscope equipped with a tiny camera is gently advanced through the rectum to examine the entire colon. If any polyps or abnormal tissue are detected, they can often be removed or biopsied during the same procedure, making colonoscopy both a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure.
- You'll be given sedation to help you relax and stay comfortable
- The colonoscope is gently guided through the rectum and colon
- A high-definition camera provides a detailed view of the colon lining
- Polyps or abnormal tissue can be removed or biopsied during the procedure
- The procedure usually takes around 20 to 40 minutes
Preparing for the Test
Proper bowel preparation is essential for a successful colonoscopy because the colon must be completely clean to provide a clear view of its lining. Following your doctor's instructions carefully helps ensure accurate results and reduces the need to repeat the procedure.
- Follow the prescribed bowel-cleansing regimen the day before the test
- Maintain a clear liquid diet as instructed
- Discuss blood thinners or other medications with your doctor beforehand
- Fast for the recommended period before the procedure
- Arrange for someone to accompany you and drive you home after sedation
What to Expect After the Procedure
After your colonoscopy, you'll be monitored until the effects of sedation wear off. Most patients return home the same day and recover quickly. Your gastroenterologist will explain the findings, discuss whether any polyps were removed or biopsied, and advise you about follow-up care if required.
- Rest briefly until the sedation wears off
- Mild bloating or cramping may occur but usually resolves quickly
- Most patients can return home the same day
- Your doctor will discuss the procedure findings with you
- Follow-up recommendations will depend on whether polyps or abnormalities were found
Why Patients Choose Dr. Pankaj Puri
Dr. Pankaj Puri provides comprehensive colonoscopy services with a strong focus on patient comfort, accurate diagnosis, and evidence-based care. His extensive experience and access to advanced endoscopic facilities ensure high-quality evaluation and treatment for digestive disorders.
- Director – Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Fortis Escorts Liver & Digestive Diseases Institute
- Extensive experience in diagnostic and therapeutic colonoscopy
- Advanced endoscopy and on-site pathology support
- Comprehensive evaluation, biopsy, and follow-up care when needed
- Compassionate, patient-focused approach that helps reduce anxiety
Frequently Asked Questions
Find answers to common questions about colonoscopy, including the procedure, preparation, recovery, and recommendations for colorectal cancer screening.
A colonoscopy is a procedure in which a flexible tube with a tiny camera is passed through the rectum to examine the colon and rectum. It helps detect polyps, inflammation, bleeding, and early signs of colorectal cancer.
Most patients receive sedation during the procedure, so they feel little to no discomfort and usually have no memory of the examination afterward.
Preparation includes following a bowel-cleansing regimen the day before the procedure, usually with a prescribed laxative solution and a clear liquid diet, to ensure the colon is clean for accurate examination.
Screening is generally recommended between the ages of 45 and 50 for people at average risk. Those with a family history of colorectal cancer or colon polyps may need screening earlier, based on their gastroenterologist's advice.